Issue Summary

Two years ago, industry analysts warned that airlines without domestic markets would be the first in a wave of airline bankruptcies and liquidations — then thought likely — due to the standstill caused by the pandemic. The wave of bankruptcies never really gained the magnitude originally feared, thanks in degrees that varied by region to government support and innovative pivots. And those airlines without domestic markets? Many have thrived, proving the enduring strength of a well-designed hub, according to Pieter Elbers, chief executive of one such airline. Elbers reflected on his 30 years at KLM, the pandemic, and the state of…